--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/graal/com.oracle.truffle.sl/src/com/oracle/truffle/sl/SLLanguage.java	Tue Jun 09 15:20:30 2015 -0700
@@ -0,0 +1,492 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2012, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+package com.oracle.truffle.sl;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.math.*;
+import java.net.*;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.Scanner;
+
+import com.oracle.truffle.api.*;
+import com.oracle.truffle.api.debug.*;
+import com.oracle.truffle.api.dsl.*;
+import com.oracle.truffle.api.frame.*;
+import com.oracle.truffle.api.instrument.*;
+import com.oracle.truffle.api.nodes.*;
+import com.oracle.truffle.api.source.*;
+import com.oracle.truffle.api.vm.*;
+import com.oracle.truffle.api.vm.TruffleVM.Symbol;
+import com.oracle.truffle.sl.builtins.*;
+import com.oracle.truffle.sl.factory.*;
+import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.*;
+import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.call.*;
+import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.controlflow.*;
+import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.expression.*;
+import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.instrument.*;
+import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.local.*;
+import com.oracle.truffle.sl.parser.*;
+import com.oracle.truffle.sl.runtime.*;
+import com.oracle.truffle.tools.*;
+
+/**
+ * SL is a simple language to demonstrate and showcase features of Truffle. The implementation is as
+ * simple and clean as possible in order to help understanding the ideas and concepts of Truffle.
+ * The language has first class functions, but no object model.
+ * <p>
+ * SL is dynamically typed, i.e., there are no type names specified by the programmer. SL is
+ * strongly typed, i.e., there is no automatic conversion between types. If an operation is not
+ * available for the types encountered at run time, a type error is reported and execution is
+ * stopped. For example, {@code 4 - "2"} results in a type error because subtraction is only defined
+ * for numbers.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * <b>Types:</b>
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>Number: arbitrary precision integer numbers. The implementation uses the Java primitive type
+ * {@code long} to represent numbers that fit into the 64 bit range, and {@link BigInteger} for
+ * numbers that exceed the range. Using a primitive type such as {@code long} is crucial for
+ * performance.
+ * <li>Boolean: implemented as the Java primitive type {@code boolean}.
+ * <li>String: implemented as the Java standard type {@link String}.
+ * <li>Function: implementation type {@link SLFunction}.
+ * <li>Null (with only one value {@code null}): implemented as the singleton
+ * {@link SLNull#SINGLETON}.
+ * </ul>
+ * The class {@link SLTypes} lists these types for the Truffle DSL, i.e., for type-specialized
+ * operations that are specified using Truffle DSL annotations.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * <b>Language concepts:</b>
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>Literals for {@link SLBigIntegerLiteralNode numbers} , {@link SLStringLiteralNode strings},
+ * and {@link SLFunctionLiteralNode functions}.
+ * <li>Basic arithmetic, logical, and comparison operations: {@link SLAddNode +}, {@link SLSubNode
+ * -}, {@link SLMulNode *}, {@link SLDivNode /}, {@link SLLogicalAndNode logical and},
+ * {@link SLLogicalOrNode logical or}, {@link SLEqualNode ==}, !=, {@link SLLessThanNode &lt;},
+ * {@link SLLessOrEqualNode &le;}, &gt;, &ge;.
+ * <li>Local variables: local variables must be defined (via a {@link SLWriteLocalVariableNode
+ * write}) before they can be used (by a {@link SLReadLocalVariableNode read}). Local variables are
+ * not visible outside of the block where they were first defined.
+ * <li>Basic control flow statements: {@link SLBlockNode blocks}, {@link SLIfNode if},
+ * {@link SLWhileNode while} with {@link SLBreakNode break} and {@link SLContinueNode continue},
+ * {@link SLReturnNode return}.
+ * <li>Function calls: {@link SLInvokeNode invocations} are efficiently implemented with
+ * {@link SLDispatchNode polymorphic inline caches}.
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * <b>Syntax and parsing:</b><br>
+ * The syntax is described as an attributed grammar. The {@link Parser} and {@link Scanner} are
+ * automatically generated by the parser generator Coco/R (available from <a
+ * href="http://ssw.jku.at/coco/">http://ssw.jku.at/coco/</a>). The grammar contains semantic
+ * actions that build the AST for a method. To keep these semantic actions short, they are mostly
+ * calls to the {@link SLNodeFactory} that performs the actual node creation. All functions found in
+ * the SL source are added to the {@link SLFunctionRegistry}, which is accessible from the
+ * {@link SLContext}.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * <b>Builtin functions:</b><br>
+ * Library functions that are available to every SL source without prior definition are called
+ * builtin functions. They are added to the {@link SLFunctionRegistry} when the {@link SLContext} is
+ * created. There current builtin functions are
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>{@link SLReadlnBuiltin readln}: Read a String from the {@link SLContext#getInput() standard
+ * input}.
+ * <li>{@link SLPrintlnBuiltin println}: Write a value to the {@link SLContext#getOutput() standard
+ * output}.
+ * <li>{@link SLNanoTimeBuiltin nanoTime}: Returns the value of a high-resolution time, in
+ * nanoseconds.
+ * <li>{@link SLDefineFunctionBuiltin defineFunction}: Parses the functions provided as a String
+ * argument and adds them to the function registry. Functions that are already defined are replaced
+ * with the new version.
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * <b>Tools:</b><br>
+ * The use of some of Truffle's support for developer tools (based on the Truffle Instrumentation
+ * Framework) are demonstrated in this file, for example:
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>a {@linkplain NodeExecCounter counter for node executions}, tabulated by node type; and</li>
+ * <li>a simple {@linkplain CoverageTracker code coverage engine}.</li>
+ * </ul>
+ * In each case, the tool is enabled if a corresponding local boolean variable in this file is set
+ * to {@code true}. Results are printed at the end of the execution using each tool's
+ * <em>default printer</em>.
+ *
+ */
+@TruffleLanguage.Registration(name = "SL", version = "0.5", mimeType = "application/x-sl")
+public class SLLanguage extends TruffleLanguage {
+    private static SLLanguage LAST;
+    private static List<NodeFactory<? extends SLBuiltinNode>> builtins = Collections.emptyList();
+    private static Visualizer visualizer = new SLDefaultVisualizer();
+    private static ASTProber registeredASTProber; // non-null if prober already registered
+    private final SLContext context;
+    private DebugSupportProvider debugSupport;
+
+    public SLLanguage(Env env) {
+        super(env);
+        context = SLContextFactory.create(new BufferedReader(env().stdIn()), new PrintWriter(env().stdOut(), true));
+        LAST = this;
+        for (NodeFactory<? extends SLBuiltinNode> builtin : builtins) {
+            context.installBuiltin(builtin);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO (mlvdv) command line options
+    /* Enables demonstration of per-type tabulation of node execution counts */
+    private static boolean nodeExecCounts = false;
+    /* Enables demonstration of per-line tabulation of STATEMENT node execution counts */
+    private static boolean statementCounts = false;
+    /* Enables demonstration of per-line tabulation of STATEMENT coverage */
+    private static boolean coverage = false;
+
+    /* Small tools that can be installed for demonstration */
+    private static NodeExecCounter nodeExecCounter = null;
+    private static NodeExecCounter statementExecCounter = null;
+    private static CoverageTracker coverageTracker = null;
+
+    /**
+     * The main entry point. Use the mx command "mx sl" to run it with the correct class path setup.
+     */
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
+        TruffleVM vm = TruffleVM.newVM().build();
+        assert vm.getLanguages().containsKey("application/x-sl");
+
+        setupToolDemos();
+
+        int repeats = 1;
+        if (args.length >= 2) {
+            repeats = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
+        }
+
+        if (args.length == 0) {
+            vm.eval("application/x-sl", new InputStreamReader(System.in));
+        } else {
+            vm.eval(new File(args[0]).toURI());
+        }
+        Symbol main = vm.findGlobalSymbol("main");
+        if (main == null) {
+            throw new SLException("No function main() defined in SL source file.");
+        }
+        while (repeats-- > 0) {
+            main.invoke(null);
+        }
+        reportToolDemos();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Temporary method during API evolution, supports debugger integration.
+     */
+    public static void run(Source source) throws IOException {
+        TruffleVM vm = TruffleVM.newVM().build();
+        assert vm.getLanguages().containsKey("application/x-sl");
+        vm.eval(new File(source.getPath()).toURI());
+        Symbol main = vm.findGlobalSymbol("main");
+        if (main == null) {
+            throw new SLException("No function main() defined in SL source file.");
+        }
+        main.invoke(null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse and run the specified SL source. Factored out in a separate method so that it can also
+     * be used by the unit test harness.
+     */
+    public static long run(TruffleVM context, URI source, PrintWriter logOutput, PrintWriter out, int repeats, List<NodeFactory<? extends SLBuiltinNode>> currentBuiltins) throws IOException {
+        builtins = currentBuiltins;
+
+        if (logOutput != null) {
+            logOutput.println("== running on " + Truffle.getRuntime().getName());
+            // logOutput.println("Source = " + source.getCode());
+        }
+
+        /* Parse the SL source file. */
+        Object result = context.eval(source);
+        if (result != null) {
+            out.println(result);
+        }
+
+        /* Lookup our main entry point, which is per definition always named "main". */
+        Symbol main = context.findGlobalSymbol("main");
+        if (main == null) {
+            throw new SLException("No function main() defined in SL source file.");
+        }
+
+        /* Change to true if you want to see the AST on the console. */
+        boolean printASTToLog = false;
+        /* Change to true if you want to see source attribution for the AST to the console */
+        boolean printSourceAttributionToLog = false;
+        /* Change to dump the AST to IGV over the network. */
+        boolean dumpASTToIGV = false;
+
+        printScript("before execution", LAST.context, logOutput, printASTToLog, printSourceAttributionToLog, dumpASTToIGV);
+        long totalRuntime = 0;
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < repeats; i++) {
+                long start = System.nanoTime();
+                /* Call the main entry point, without any arguments. */
+                try {
+                    result = main.invoke(null);
+                    if (result != null) {
+                        out.println(result);
+                    }
+                } catch (UnsupportedSpecializationException ex) {
+                    out.println(formatTypeError(ex));
+                } catch (SLUndefinedFunctionException ex) {
+                    out.println(String.format("Undefined function: %s", ex.getFunctionName()));
+                }
+                long end = System.nanoTime();
+                totalRuntime += end - start;
+
+                if (logOutput != null && repeats > 1) {
+                    logOutput.println("== iteration " + (i + 1) + ": " + ((end - start) / 1000000) + " ms");
+                }
+            }
+
+        } finally {
+            printScript("after execution", LAST.context, logOutput, printASTToLog, printSourceAttributionToLog, dumpASTToIGV);
+        }
+        return totalRuntime;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When dumpASTToIGV is true: dumps the AST of all functions to the IGV visualizer, via a socket
+     * connection. IGV can be started with the mx command "mx igv".
+     * <p>
+     * When printASTToLog is true: prints the ASTs to the console.
+     */
+    private static void printScript(String groupName, SLContext context, PrintWriter logOutput, boolean printASTToLog, boolean printSourceAttributionToLog, boolean dumpASTToIGV) {
+        if (dumpASTToIGV) {
+            GraphPrintVisitor graphPrinter = new GraphPrintVisitor();
+            graphPrinter.beginGroup(groupName);
+            for (SLFunction function : context.getFunctionRegistry().getFunctions()) {
+                RootCallTarget callTarget = function.getCallTarget();
+                if (callTarget != null) {
+                    graphPrinter.beginGraph(function.toString()).visit(callTarget.getRootNode());
+                }
+            }
+            graphPrinter.printToNetwork(true);
+        }
+        if (printASTToLog && logOutput != null) {
+            for (SLFunction function : context.getFunctionRegistry().getFunctions()) {
+                RootCallTarget callTarget = function.getCallTarget();
+                if (callTarget != null) {
+                    logOutput.println("=== " + function);
+                    NodeUtil.printTree(logOutput, callTarget.getRootNode());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (printSourceAttributionToLog && logOutput != null) {
+            for (SLFunction function : context.getFunctionRegistry().getFunctions()) {
+                RootCallTarget callTarget = function.getCallTarget();
+                if (callTarget != null) {
+                    logOutput.println("=== " + function);
+                    NodeUtil.printSourceAttributionTree(logOutput, callTarget.getRootNode());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Provides a user-readable message for run-time type errors. SL is strongly typed, i.e., there
+     * are no automatic type conversions of values. Therefore, Truffle does the type checking for
+     * us: if no matching node specialization for the actual values is found, then we have a type
+     * error. Specialized nodes use the {@link UnsupportedSpecializationException} to report that no
+     * specialization was found. We therefore just have to convert the information encapsulated in
+     * this exception in a user-readable form.
+     */
+    private static String formatTypeError(UnsupportedSpecializationException ex) {
+        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
+        result.append("Type error");
+        if (ex.getNode() != null && ex.getNode().getSourceSection() != null) {
+            SourceSection ss = ex.getNode().getSourceSection();
+            if (ss != null && !(ss instanceof NullSourceSection)) {
+                result.append(" at ").append(ss.getSource().getShortName()).append(" line ").append(ss.getStartLine()).append(" col ").append(ss.getStartColumn());
+            }
+        }
+        result.append(": operation");
+        if (ex.getNode() != null) {
+            NodeInfo nodeInfo = SLContext.lookupNodeInfo(ex.getNode().getClass());
+            if (nodeInfo != null) {
+                result.append(" \"").append(nodeInfo.shortName()).append("\"");
+            }
+        }
+        result.append(" not defined for");
+
+        String sep = " ";
+        for (int i = 0; i < ex.getSuppliedValues().length; i++) {
+            Object value = ex.getSuppliedValues()[i];
+            Node node = ex.getSuppliedNodes()[i];
+            if (node != null) {
+                result.append(sep);
+                sep = ", ";
+
+                if (value instanceof Long || value instanceof BigInteger) {
+                    result.append("Number ").append(value);
+                } else if (value instanceof Boolean) {
+                    result.append("Boolean ").append(value);
+                } else if (value instanceof String) {
+                    result.append("String \"").append(value).append("\"");
+                } else if (value instanceof SLFunction) {
+                    result.append("Function ").append(value);
+                } else if (value == SLNull.SINGLETON) {
+                    result.append("NULL");
+                } else if (value == null) {
+                    // value is not evaluated because of short circuit evaluation
+                    result.append("ANY");
+                } else {
+                    result.append(value);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Object eval(Source code) throws IOException {
+        try {
+            context.evalSource(code);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new IOException(e);
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Object findExportedSymbol(String globalName, boolean onlyExplicit) {
+        for (SLFunction f : context.getFunctionRegistry().getFunctions()) {
+            if (globalName.equals(f.getName())) {
+                return f;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Object getLanguageGlobal() {
+        return context;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected boolean isObjectOfLanguage(Object object) {
+        return object instanceof SLFunction;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected ToolSupportProvider getToolSupport() {
+        return getDebugSupport();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected DebugSupportProvider getDebugSupport() {
+        if (debugSupport == null) {
+            debugSupport = new SLDebugProvider();
+        }
+        return debugSupport;
+    }
+
+    // TODO (mlvdv) remove the static hack when we no longer have the static demo variables
+    private static void setupToolDemos() {
+        if (statementCounts || coverage) {
+            if (registeredASTProber == null) {
+                registeredASTProber = new SLStandardASTProber();
+                // This should be registered on the TruffleVM
+                Probe.registerASTProber(registeredASTProber);
+            }
+        }
+        if (nodeExecCounts) {
+            nodeExecCounter = new NodeExecCounter();
+            nodeExecCounter.install();
+        }
+
+        if (statementCounts) {
+            statementExecCounter = new NodeExecCounter(StandardSyntaxTag.STATEMENT);
+            statementExecCounter.install();
+        }
+
+        if (coverage) {
+            coverageTracker = new CoverageTracker();
+            coverageTracker.install();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void reportToolDemos() {
+        if (nodeExecCounter != null) {
+            nodeExecCounter.print(System.out);
+            nodeExecCounter.dispose();
+        }
+        if (statementExecCounter != null) {
+            statementExecCounter.print(System.out);
+            statementExecCounter.dispose();
+        }
+        if (coverageTracker != null) {
+            coverageTracker.print(System.out);
+            coverageTracker.dispose();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final class SLDebugProvider implements DebugSupportProvider {
+
+        public SLDebugProvider() {
+            if (registeredASTProber == null) {
+                registeredASTProber = new SLStandardASTProber();
+                // This should be registered on the TruffleVM
+                Probe.registerASTProber(registeredASTProber);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Visualizer getVisualizer() {
+            if (visualizer == null) {
+                visualizer = new SLDefaultVisualizer();
+            }
+            return visualizer;
+        }
+
+        public void enableASTProbing(ASTProber prober) {
+            if (prober != null) {
+                // This should be registered on the TruffleVM
+                Probe.registerASTProber(prober);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void run(Source source) throws DebugSupportException {
+            // TODO (mlvdv) fix to run properly in the current VM
+            try {
+                SLLanguage.run(source);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                throw new DebugSupportException(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Object evalInContext(Source source, Node node, MaterializedFrame mFrame) throws DebugSupportException {
+            throw new DebugSupportException("evalInContext not supported in this language");
+        }
+
+        public AdvancedInstrumentRootFactory createAdvancedInstrumentRootFactory(String expr, AdvancedInstrumentResultListener resultListener) throws DebugSupportException {
+            throw new DebugSupportException("createAdvancedInstrumentRootFactory not supported in this language");
+        }
+
+    }
+
+}