view src/share/vm/opto/runtime.cpp @ 3249:e1162778c1c8

7009266: G1: assert(obj->is_oop_or_null(true )) failed: Error Summary: A referent object that is only weakly reachable at the start of concurrent marking but is re-attached to the strongly reachable object graph during marking may not be marked as live. This can cause the reference object to be processed prematurely and leave dangling pointers to the referent object. Implement a read barrier for the java.lang.ref.Reference::referent field by intrinsifying the Reference.get() method, and intercepting accesses though JNI, reflection, and Unsafe, so that when a non-null referent object is read it is also logged in an SATB buffer. Reviewed-by: kvn, iveresov, never, tonyp, dholmes
author johnc
date Thu, 07 Apr 2011 09:53:20 -0700
parents b92c45f2bc75
children 1d1603768966
line wrap: on
line source

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1998, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 *
 */

#include "precompiled.hpp"
#include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
#include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
#include "code/compiledIC.hpp"
#include "code/icBuffer.hpp"
#include "code/nmethod.hpp"
#include "code/pcDesc.hpp"
#include "code/scopeDesc.hpp"
#include "code/vtableStubs.hpp"
#include "compiler/compileBroker.hpp"
#include "compiler/compilerOracle.hpp"
#include "compiler/oopMap.hpp"
#include "gc_implementation/g1/g1SATBCardTableModRefBS.hpp"
#include "gc_implementation/g1/heapRegion.hpp"
#include "gc_interface/collectedHeap.hpp"
#include "interpreter/bytecode.hpp"
#include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
#include "interpreter/linkResolver.hpp"
#include "memory/barrierSet.hpp"
#include "memory/gcLocker.inline.hpp"
#include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
#include "oops/objArrayKlass.hpp"
#include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
#include "opto/addnode.hpp"
#include "opto/callnode.hpp"
#include "opto/cfgnode.hpp"
#include "opto/connode.hpp"
#include "opto/graphKit.hpp"
#include "opto/machnode.hpp"
#include "opto/matcher.hpp"
#include "opto/memnode.hpp"
#include "opto/mulnode.hpp"
#include "opto/runtime.hpp"
#include "opto/subnode.hpp"
#include "runtime/fprofiler.hpp"
#include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
#include "runtime/interfaceSupport.hpp"
#include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
#include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
#include "runtime/signature.hpp"
#include "runtime/threadCritical.hpp"
#include "runtime/vframe.hpp"
#include "runtime/vframeArray.hpp"
#include "runtime/vframe_hp.hpp"
#include "utilities/copy.hpp"
#include "utilities/preserveException.hpp"
#ifdef TARGET_ARCH_MODEL_x86_32
# include "adfiles/ad_x86_32.hpp"
#endif
#ifdef TARGET_ARCH_MODEL_x86_64
# include "adfiles/ad_x86_64.hpp"
#endif
#ifdef TARGET_ARCH_MODEL_sparc
# include "adfiles/ad_sparc.hpp"
#endif
#ifdef TARGET_ARCH_MODEL_zero
# include "adfiles/ad_zero.hpp"
#endif
#ifdef TARGET_ARCH_MODEL_arm
# include "adfiles/ad_arm.hpp"
#endif
#ifdef TARGET_ARCH_MODEL_ppc
# include "adfiles/ad_ppc.hpp"
#endif


// For debugging purposes:
//  To force FullGCALot inside a runtime function, add the following two lines
//
//  Universe::release_fullgc_alot_dummy();
//  MarkSweep::invoke(0, "Debugging");
//
// At command line specify the parameters: -XX:+FullGCALot -XX:FullGCALotStart=100000000




// Compiled code entry points
address OptoRuntime::_new_instance_Java                           = NULL;
address OptoRuntime::_new_array_Java                              = NULL;
address OptoRuntime::_multianewarray2_Java                        = NULL;
address OptoRuntime::_multianewarray3_Java                        = NULL;
address OptoRuntime::_multianewarray4_Java                        = NULL;
address OptoRuntime::_multianewarray5_Java                        = NULL;
address OptoRuntime::_g1_wb_pre_Java                              = NULL;
address OptoRuntime::_g1_wb_post_Java                             = NULL;
address OptoRuntime::_vtable_must_compile_Java                    = NULL;
address OptoRuntime::_complete_monitor_locking_Java               = NULL;
address OptoRuntime::_rethrow_Java                                = NULL;

address OptoRuntime::_slow_arraycopy_Java                         = NULL;
address OptoRuntime::_register_finalizer_Java                     = NULL;

# ifdef ENABLE_ZAP_DEAD_LOCALS
address OptoRuntime::_zap_dead_Java_locals_Java                   = NULL;
address OptoRuntime::_zap_dead_native_locals_Java                 = NULL;
# endif


// This should be called in an assertion at the start of OptoRuntime routines
// which are entered from compiled code (all of them)
#ifndef PRODUCT
static bool check_compiled_frame(JavaThread* thread) {
  assert(thread->last_frame().is_runtime_frame(), "cannot call runtime directly from compiled code");
#ifdef ASSERT
  RegisterMap map(thread, false);
  frame caller = thread->last_frame().sender(&map);
  assert(caller.is_compiled_frame(), "not being called from compiled like code");
#endif  /* ASSERT */
  return true;
}
#endif


#define gen(env, var, type_func_gen, c_func, fancy_jump, pass_tls, save_arg_regs, return_pc) \
  var = generate_stub(env, type_func_gen, CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, c_func), #var, fancy_jump, pass_tls, save_arg_regs, return_pc)

void OptoRuntime::generate(ciEnv* env) {

  generate_exception_blob();

  // Note: tls: Means fetching the return oop out of the thread-local storage
  //
  //   variable/name                       type-function-gen              , runtime method                  ,fncy_jp, tls,save_args,retpc
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  gen(env, _new_instance_Java              , new_instance_Type            , new_instance_C                  ,    0 , true , false, false);
  gen(env, _new_array_Java                 , new_array_Type               , new_array_C                     ,    0 , true , false, false);
  gen(env, _multianewarray2_Java           , multianewarray2_Type         , multianewarray2_C               ,    0 , true , false, false);
  gen(env, _multianewarray3_Java           , multianewarray3_Type         , multianewarray3_C               ,    0 , true , false, false);
  gen(env, _multianewarray4_Java           , multianewarray4_Type         , multianewarray4_C               ,    0 , true , false, false);
  gen(env, _multianewarray5_Java           , multianewarray5_Type         , multianewarray5_C               ,    0 , true , false, false);
  gen(env, _g1_wb_pre_Java                 , g1_wb_pre_Type               , SharedRuntime::g1_wb_pre        ,    0 , false, false, false);
  gen(env, _g1_wb_post_Java                , g1_wb_post_Type              , SharedRuntime::g1_wb_post       ,    0 , false, false, false);
  gen(env, _complete_monitor_locking_Java  , complete_monitor_enter_Type  , SharedRuntime::complete_monitor_locking_C      ,    0 , false, false, false);
  gen(env, _rethrow_Java                   , rethrow_Type                 , rethrow_C                       ,    2 , true , false, true );

  gen(env, _slow_arraycopy_Java            , slow_arraycopy_Type          , SharedRuntime::slow_arraycopy_C ,    0 , false, false, false);
  gen(env, _register_finalizer_Java        , register_finalizer_Type      , register_finalizer              ,    0 , false, false, false);

# ifdef ENABLE_ZAP_DEAD_LOCALS
  gen(env, _zap_dead_Java_locals_Java      , zap_dead_locals_Type         , zap_dead_Java_locals_C          ,    0 , false, true , false );
  gen(env, _zap_dead_native_locals_Java    , zap_dead_locals_Type         , zap_dead_native_locals_C        ,    0 , false, true , false );
# endif

}

#undef gen


// Helper method to do generation of RunTimeStub's
address OptoRuntime::generate_stub( ciEnv* env,
                                    TypeFunc_generator gen, address C_function,
                                    const char *name, int is_fancy_jump,
                                    bool pass_tls,
                                    bool save_argument_registers,
                                    bool return_pc ) {
  ResourceMark rm;
  Compile C( env, gen, C_function, name, is_fancy_jump, pass_tls, save_argument_registers, return_pc );
  return  C.stub_entry_point();
}

const char* OptoRuntime::stub_name(address entry) {
#ifndef PRODUCT
  CodeBlob* cb = CodeCache::find_blob(entry);
  RuntimeStub* rs =(RuntimeStub *)cb;
  assert(rs != NULL && rs->is_runtime_stub(), "not a runtime stub");
  return rs->name();
#else
  // Fast implementation for product mode (maybe it should be inlined too)
  return "runtime stub";
#endif
}


//=============================================================================
// Opto compiler runtime routines
//=============================================================================


//=============================allocation======================================
// We failed the fast-path allocation.  Now we need to do a scavenge or GC
// and try allocation again.

void OptoRuntime::new_store_pre_barrier(JavaThread* thread) {
  // After any safepoint, just before going back to compiled code,
  // we inform the GC that we will be doing initializing writes to
  // this object in the future without emitting card-marks, so
  // GC may take any compensating steps.
  // NOTE: Keep this code consistent with GraphKit::store_barrier.

  oop new_obj = thread->vm_result();
  if (new_obj == NULL)  return;

  assert(Universe::heap()->can_elide_tlab_store_barriers(),
         "compiler must check this first");
  // GC may decide to give back a safer copy of new_obj.
  new_obj = Universe::heap()->new_store_pre_barrier(thread, new_obj);
  thread->set_vm_result(new_obj);
}

// object allocation
JRT_BLOCK_ENTRY(void, OptoRuntime::new_instance_C(klassOopDesc* klass, JavaThread* thread))
  JRT_BLOCK;
#ifndef PRODUCT
  SharedRuntime::_new_instance_ctr++;         // new instance requires GC
#endif
  assert(check_compiled_frame(thread), "incorrect caller");

  // These checks are cheap to make and support reflective allocation.
  int lh = Klass::cast(klass)->layout_helper();
  if (Klass::layout_helper_needs_slow_path(lh)
      || !instanceKlass::cast(klass)->is_initialized()) {
    KlassHandle kh(THREAD, klass);
    kh->check_valid_for_instantiation(false, THREAD);
    if (!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
      instanceKlass::cast(kh())->initialize(THREAD);
    }
    if (!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
      klass = kh();
    } else {
      klass = NULL;
    }
  }

  if (klass != NULL) {
    // Scavenge and allocate an instance.
    oop result = instanceKlass::cast(klass)->allocate_instance(THREAD);
    thread->set_vm_result(result);

    // Pass oops back through thread local storage.  Our apparent type to Java
    // is that we return an oop, but we can block on exit from this routine and
    // a GC can trash the oop in C's return register.  The generated stub will
    // fetch the oop from TLS after any possible GC.
  }

  deoptimize_caller_frame(thread, HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION);
  JRT_BLOCK_END;

  if (GraphKit::use_ReduceInitialCardMarks()) {
    // inform GC that we won't do card marks for initializing writes.
    new_store_pre_barrier(thread);
  }
JRT_END


// array allocation
JRT_BLOCK_ENTRY(void, OptoRuntime::new_array_C(klassOopDesc* array_type, int len, JavaThread *thread))
  JRT_BLOCK;
#ifndef PRODUCT
  SharedRuntime::_new_array_ctr++;            // new array requires GC
#endif
  assert(check_compiled_frame(thread), "incorrect caller");

  // Scavenge and allocate an instance.
  oop result;

  if (Klass::cast(array_type)->oop_is_typeArray()) {
    // The oopFactory likes to work with the element type.
    // (We could bypass the oopFactory, since it doesn't add much value.)
    BasicType elem_type = typeArrayKlass::cast(array_type)->element_type();
    result = oopFactory::new_typeArray(elem_type, len, THREAD);
  } else {
    // Although the oopFactory likes to work with the elem_type,
    // the compiler prefers the array_type, since it must already have
    // that latter value in hand for the fast path.
    klassOopDesc* elem_type = objArrayKlass::cast(array_type)->element_klass();
    result = oopFactory::new_objArray(elem_type, len, THREAD);
  }

  // Pass oops back through thread local storage.  Our apparent type to Java
  // is that we return an oop, but we can block on exit from this routine and
  // a GC can trash the oop in C's return register.  The generated stub will
  // fetch the oop from TLS after any possible GC.
  deoptimize_caller_frame(thread, HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION);
  thread->set_vm_result(result);
  JRT_BLOCK_END;

  if (GraphKit::use_ReduceInitialCardMarks()) {
    // inform GC that we won't do card marks for initializing writes.
    new_store_pre_barrier(thread);
  }
JRT_END

// Note: multianewarray for one dimension is handled inline by GraphKit::new_array.

// multianewarray for 2 dimensions
JRT_ENTRY(void, OptoRuntime::multianewarray2_C(klassOopDesc* elem_type, int len1, int len2, JavaThread *thread))
#ifndef PRODUCT
  SharedRuntime::_multi2_ctr++;                // multianewarray for 1 dimension
#endif
  assert(check_compiled_frame(thread), "incorrect caller");
  assert(oop(elem_type)->is_klass(), "not a class");
  jint dims[2];
  dims[0] = len1;
  dims[1] = len2;
  oop obj = arrayKlass::cast(elem_type)->multi_allocate(2, dims, THREAD);
  deoptimize_caller_frame(thread, HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION);
  thread->set_vm_result(obj);
JRT_END

// multianewarray for 3 dimensions
JRT_ENTRY(void, OptoRuntime::multianewarray3_C(klassOopDesc* elem_type, int len1, int len2, int len3, JavaThread *thread))
#ifndef PRODUCT
  SharedRuntime::_multi3_ctr++;                // multianewarray for 1 dimension
#endif
  assert(check_compiled_frame(thread), "incorrect caller");
  assert(oop(elem_type)->is_klass(), "not a class");
  jint dims[3];
  dims[0] = len1;
  dims[1] = len2;
  dims[2] = len3;
  oop obj = arrayKlass::cast(elem_type)->multi_allocate(3, dims, THREAD);
  deoptimize_caller_frame(thread, HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION);
  thread->set_vm_result(obj);
JRT_END

// multianewarray for 4 dimensions
JRT_ENTRY(void, OptoRuntime::multianewarray4_C(klassOopDesc* elem_type, int len1, int len2, int len3, int len4, JavaThread *thread))
#ifndef PRODUCT
  SharedRuntime::_multi4_ctr++;                // multianewarray for 1 dimension
#endif
  assert(check_compiled_frame(thread), "incorrect caller");
  assert(oop(elem_type)->is_klass(), "not a class");
  jint dims[4];
  dims[0] = len1;
  dims[1] = len2;
  dims[2] = len3;
  dims[3] = len4;
  oop obj = arrayKlass::cast(elem_type)->multi_allocate(4, dims, THREAD);
  deoptimize_caller_frame(thread, HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION);
  thread->set_vm_result(obj);
JRT_END

// multianewarray for 5 dimensions
JRT_ENTRY(void, OptoRuntime::multianewarray5_C(klassOopDesc* elem_type, int len1, int len2, int len3, int len4, int len5, JavaThread *thread))
#ifndef PRODUCT
  SharedRuntime::_multi5_ctr++;                // multianewarray for 1 dimension
#endif
  assert(check_compiled_frame(thread), "incorrect caller");
  assert(oop(elem_type)->is_klass(), "not a class");
  jint dims[5];
  dims[0] = len1;
  dims[1] = len2;
  dims[2] = len3;
  dims[3] = len4;
  dims[4] = len5;
  oop obj = arrayKlass::cast(elem_type)->multi_allocate(5, dims, THREAD);
  deoptimize_caller_frame(thread, HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION);
  thread->set_vm_result(obj);
JRT_END

const TypeFunc *OptoRuntime::new_instance_Type() {
  // create input type (domain)
  const Type **fields = TypeTuple::fields(1);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeInstPtr::NOTNULL; // Klass to be allocated
  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+1, fields);

  // create result type (range)
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(1);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeRawPtr::NOTNULL; // Returned oop

  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+1, fields);

  return TypeFunc::make(domain, range);
}


const TypeFunc *OptoRuntime::athrow_Type() {
  // create input type (domain)
  const Type **fields = TypeTuple::fields(1);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeInstPtr::NOTNULL; // Klass to be allocated
  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+1, fields);

  // create result type (range)
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(0);

  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+0, fields);

  return TypeFunc::make(domain, range);
}


const TypeFunc *OptoRuntime::new_array_Type() {
  // create input type (domain)
  const Type **fields = TypeTuple::fields(2);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeInstPtr::NOTNULL;   // element klass
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+1] = TypeInt::INT;       // array size
  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+2, fields);

  // create result type (range)
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(1);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeRawPtr::NOTNULL; // Returned oop

  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+1, fields);

  return TypeFunc::make(domain, range);
}

const TypeFunc *OptoRuntime::multianewarray_Type(int ndim) {
  // create input type (domain)
  const int nargs = ndim + 1;
  const Type **fields = TypeTuple::fields(nargs);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeInstPtr::NOTNULL;   // element klass
  for( int i = 1; i < nargs; i++ )
    fields[TypeFunc::Parms + i] = TypeInt::INT;       // array size
  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+nargs, fields);

  // create result type (range)
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(1);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeRawPtr::NOTNULL; // Returned oop
  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+1, fields);

  return TypeFunc::make(domain, range);
}

const TypeFunc *OptoRuntime::multianewarray2_Type() {
  return multianewarray_Type(2);
}

const TypeFunc *OptoRuntime::multianewarray3_Type() {
  return multianewarray_Type(3);
}

const TypeFunc *OptoRuntime::multianewarray4_Type() {
  return multianewarray_Type(4);
}

const TypeFunc *OptoRuntime::multianewarray5_Type() {
  return multianewarray_Type(5);
}

const TypeFunc *OptoRuntime::g1_wb_pre_Type() {
  const Type **fields = TypeTuple::fields(2);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeInstPtr::NOTNULL; // original field value
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+1] = TypeRawPtr::NOTNULL; // thread
  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+2, fields);

  // create result type (range)
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(0);
  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+0, fields);

  return TypeFunc::make(domain, range);
}

const TypeFunc *OptoRuntime::g1_wb_post_Type() {

  const Type **fields = TypeTuple::fields(2);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeRawPtr::NOTNULL;  // Card addr
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+1] = TypeRawPtr::NOTNULL;  // thread
  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+2, fields);

  // create result type (range)
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(0);
  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms, fields);

  return TypeFunc::make(domain, range);
}

const TypeFunc *OptoRuntime::uncommon_trap_Type() {
  // create input type (domain)
  const Type **fields = TypeTuple::fields(1);
  // Symbol* name of class to be loaded
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeInt::INT;
  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+1, fields);

  // create result type (range)
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(0);
  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+0, fields);

  return TypeFunc::make(domain, range);
}

# ifdef ENABLE_ZAP_DEAD_LOCALS
// Type used for stub generation for zap_dead_locals.
// No inputs or outputs
const TypeFunc *OptoRuntime::zap_dead_locals_Type() {
  // create input type (domain)
  const Type **fields = TypeTuple::fields(0);
  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms,fields);

  // create result type (range)
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(0);
  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms,fields);

  return TypeFunc::make(domain,range);
}
# endif


//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Monitor Handling
const TypeFunc *OptoRuntime::complete_monitor_enter_Type() {
  // create input type (domain)
  const Type **fields = TypeTuple::fields(2);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeInstPtr::NOTNULL;  // Object to be Locked
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+1] = TypeRawPtr::BOTTOM;   // Address of stack location for lock
  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+2,fields);

  // create result type (range)
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(0);

  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+0,fields);

  return TypeFunc::make(domain,range);
}


//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
const TypeFunc *OptoRuntime::complete_monitor_exit_Type() {
  // create input type (domain)
  const Type **fields = TypeTuple::fields(2);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeInstPtr::NOTNULL;  // Object to be Locked
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+1] = TypeRawPtr::BOTTOM;   // Address of stack location for lock
  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+2,fields);

  // create result type (range)
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(0);

  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+0,fields);

  return TypeFunc::make(domain,range);
}

const TypeFunc* OptoRuntime::flush_windows_Type() {
  // create input type (domain)
  const Type** fields = TypeTuple::fields(1);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = NULL; // void
  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms, fields);

  // create result type
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(1);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = NULL; // void
  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms, fields);

  return TypeFunc::make(domain, range);
}

const TypeFunc* OptoRuntime::l2f_Type() {
  // create input type (domain)
  const Type **fields = TypeTuple::fields(2);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeLong::LONG;
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+1] = Type::HALF;
  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+2, fields);

  // create result type (range)
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(1);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = Type::FLOAT;
  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+1, fields);

  return TypeFunc::make(domain, range);
}

const TypeFunc* OptoRuntime::modf_Type() {
  const Type **fields = TypeTuple::fields(2);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = Type::FLOAT;
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+1] = Type::FLOAT;
  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+2, fields);

  // create result type (range)
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(1);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = Type::FLOAT;

  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+1, fields);

  return TypeFunc::make(domain, range);
}

const TypeFunc *OptoRuntime::Math_D_D_Type() {
  // create input type (domain)
  const Type **fields = TypeTuple::fields(2);
  // Symbol* name of class to be loaded
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = Type::DOUBLE;
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+1] = Type::HALF;
  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+2, fields);

  // create result type (range)
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(2);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = Type::DOUBLE;
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+1] = Type::HALF;
  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+2, fields);

  return TypeFunc::make(domain, range);
}

const TypeFunc* OptoRuntime::Math_DD_D_Type() {
  const Type **fields = TypeTuple::fields(4);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = Type::DOUBLE;
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+1] = Type::HALF;
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+2] = Type::DOUBLE;
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+3] = Type::HALF;
  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+4, fields);

  // create result type (range)
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(2);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = Type::DOUBLE;
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+1] = Type::HALF;
  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+2, fields);

  return TypeFunc::make(domain, range);
}

//-------------- currentTimeMillis

const TypeFunc* OptoRuntime::current_time_millis_Type() {
  // create input type (domain)
  const Type **fields = TypeTuple::fields(0);
  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+0, fields);

  // create result type (range)
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(2);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeLong::LONG;
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+1] = Type::HALF;
  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+2, fields);

  return TypeFunc::make(domain, range);
}

// arraycopy stub variations:
enum ArrayCopyType {
  ac_fast,                      // void(ptr, ptr, size_t)
  ac_checkcast,                 //  int(ptr, ptr, size_t, size_t, ptr)
  ac_slow,                      // void(ptr, int, ptr, int, int)
  ac_generic                    //  int(ptr, int, ptr, int, int)
};

static const TypeFunc* make_arraycopy_Type(ArrayCopyType act) {
  // create input type (domain)
  int num_args      = (act == ac_fast ? 3 : 5);
  int num_size_args = (act == ac_fast ? 1 : act == ac_checkcast ? 2 : 0);
  int argcnt = num_args;
  LP64_ONLY(argcnt += num_size_args); // halfwords for lengths
  const Type** fields = TypeTuple::fields(argcnt);
  int argp = TypeFunc::Parms;
  fields[argp++] = TypePtr::NOTNULL;    // src
  if (num_size_args == 0) {
    fields[argp++] = TypeInt::INT;      // src_pos
  }
  fields[argp++] = TypePtr::NOTNULL;    // dest
  if (num_size_args == 0) {
    fields[argp++] = TypeInt::INT;      // dest_pos
    fields[argp++] = TypeInt::INT;      // length
  }
  while (num_size_args-- > 0) {
    fields[argp++] = TypeX_X;               // size in whatevers (size_t)
    LP64_ONLY(fields[argp++] = Type::HALF); // other half of long length
  }
  if (act == ac_checkcast) {
    fields[argp++] = TypePtr::NOTNULL;  // super_klass
  }
  assert(argp == TypeFunc::Parms+argcnt, "correct decoding of act");
  const TypeTuple* domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+argcnt, fields);

  // create result type if needed
  int retcnt = (act == ac_checkcast || act == ac_generic ? 1 : 0);
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(1);
  if (retcnt == 0)
    fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = NULL; // void
  else
    fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeInt::INT; // status result, if needed
  const TypeTuple* range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+retcnt, fields);
  return TypeFunc::make(domain, range);
}

const TypeFunc* OptoRuntime::fast_arraycopy_Type() {
  // This signature is simple:  Two base pointers and a size_t.
  return make_arraycopy_Type(ac_fast);
}

const TypeFunc* OptoRuntime::checkcast_arraycopy_Type() {
  // An extension of fast_arraycopy_Type which adds type checking.
  return make_arraycopy_Type(ac_checkcast);
}

const TypeFunc* OptoRuntime::slow_arraycopy_Type() {
  // This signature is exactly the same as System.arraycopy.
  // There are no intptr_t (int/long) arguments.
  return make_arraycopy_Type(ac_slow);
}

const TypeFunc* OptoRuntime::generic_arraycopy_Type() {
  // This signature is like System.arraycopy, except that it returns status.
  return make_arraycopy_Type(ac_generic);
}


const TypeFunc* OptoRuntime::array_fill_Type() {
  // create input type (domain): pointer, int, size_t
  const Type** fields = TypeTuple::fields(3 LP64_ONLY( + 1));
  int argp = TypeFunc::Parms;
  fields[argp++] = TypePtr::NOTNULL;
  fields[argp++] = TypeInt::INT;
  fields[argp++] = TypeX_X;               // size in whatevers (size_t)
  LP64_ONLY(fields[argp++] = Type::HALF); // other half of long length
  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(argp, fields);

  // create result type
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(1);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = NULL; // void
  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms, fields);

  return TypeFunc::make(domain, range);
}

//------------- Interpreter state access for on stack replacement
const TypeFunc* OptoRuntime::osr_end_Type() {
  // create input type (domain)
  const Type **fields = TypeTuple::fields(1);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeRawPtr::BOTTOM; // OSR temp buf
  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+1, fields);

  // create result type
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(1);
  // fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeInstPtr::NOTNULL; // locked oop
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = NULL; // void
  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms, fields);
  return TypeFunc::make(domain, range);
}

//-------------- methodData update helpers

const TypeFunc* OptoRuntime::profile_receiver_type_Type() {
  // create input type (domain)
  const Type **fields = TypeTuple::fields(2);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeAryPtr::NOTNULL;    // methodData pointer
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+1] = TypeInstPtr::BOTTOM;    // receiver oop
  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+2, fields);

  // create result type
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(1);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = NULL; // void
  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms, fields);
  return TypeFunc::make(domain,range);
}

JRT_LEAF(void, OptoRuntime::profile_receiver_type_C(DataLayout* data, oopDesc* receiver))
  if (receiver == NULL) return;
  klassOop receiver_klass = receiver->klass();

  intptr_t* mdp = ((intptr_t*)(data)) + DataLayout::header_size_in_cells();
  int empty_row = -1;           // free row, if any is encountered

  // ReceiverTypeData* vc = new ReceiverTypeData(mdp);
  for (uint row = 0; row < ReceiverTypeData::row_limit(); row++) {
    // if (vc->receiver(row) == receiver_klass)
    int receiver_off = ReceiverTypeData::receiver_cell_index(row);
    intptr_t row_recv = *(mdp + receiver_off);
    if (row_recv == (intptr_t) receiver_klass) {
      // vc->set_receiver_count(row, vc->receiver_count(row) + DataLayout::counter_increment);
      int count_off = ReceiverTypeData::receiver_count_cell_index(row);
      *(mdp + count_off) += DataLayout::counter_increment;
      return;
    } else if (row_recv == 0) {
      // else if (vc->receiver(row) == NULL)
      empty_row = (int) row;
    }
  }

  if (empty_row != -1) {
    int receiver_off = ReceiverTypeData::receiver_cell_index(empty_row);
    // vc->set_receiver(empty_row, receiver_klass);
    *(mdp + receiver_off) = (intptr_t) receiver_klass;
    // vc->set_receiver_count(empty_row, DataLayout::counter_increment);
    int count_off = ReceiverTypeData::receiver_count_cell_index(empty_row);
    *(mdp + count_off) = DataLayout::counter_increment;
  } else {
    // Receiver did not match any saved receiver and there is no empty row for it.
    // Increment total counter to indicate polymorphic case.
    intptr_t* count_p = (intptr_t*)(((byte*)(data)) + in_bytes(CounterData::count_offset()));
    *count_p += DataLayout::counter_increment;
  }
JRT_END

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// implicit exception support.

static void report_null_exception_in_code_cache(address exception_pc) {
  ResourceMark rm;
  CodeBlob* n = CodeCache::find_blob(exception_pc);
  if (n != NULL) {
    tty->print_cr("#");
    tty->print_cr("# HotSpot Runtime Error, null exception in generated code");
    tty->print_cr("#");
    tty->print_cr("# pc where exception happened = " INTPTR_FORMAT, exception_pc);

    if (n->is_nmethod()) {
      methodOop method = ((nmethod*)n)->method();
      tty->print_cr("# Method where it happened %s.%s ", Klass::cast(method->method_holder())->name()->as_C_string(), method->name()->as_C_string());
      tty->print_cr("#");
      if (ShowMessageBoxOnError && UpdateHotSpotCompilerFileOnError) {
        const char* title    = "HotSpot Runtime Error";
        const char* question = "Do you want to exclude compilation of this method in future runs?";
        if (os::message_box(title, question)) {
          CompilerOracle::append_comment_to_file("");
          CompilerOracle::append_comment_to_file("Null exception in compiled code resulted in the following exclude");
          CompilerOracle::append_comment_to_file("");
          CompilerOracle::append_exclude_to_file(method);
          tty->print_cr("#");
          tty->print_cr("# %s has been updated to exclude the specified method", CompileCommandFile);
          tty->print_cr("#");
        }
      }
      fatal("Implicit null exception happened in compiled method");
    } else {
      n->print();
      fatal("Implicit null exception happened in generated stub");
    }
  }
  fatal("Implicit null exception at wrong place");
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// register policy

bool OptoRuntime::is_callee_saved_register(MachRegisterNumbers reg) {
  assert(reg >= 0 && reg < _last_Mach_Reg, "must be a machine register");
  switch (register_save_policy[reg]) {
    case 'C': return false; //SOC
    case 'E': return true ; //SOE
    case 'N': return false; //NS
    case 'A': return false; //AS
  }
  ShouldNotReachHere();
  return false;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Exceptions
//

static void trace_exception(oop exception_oop, address exception_pc, const char* msg) PRODUCT_RETURN;

// The method is an entry that is always called by a C++ method not
// directly from compiled code. Compiled code will call the C++ method following.
// We can't allow async exception to be installed during  exception processing.
JRT_ENTRY_NO_ASYNC(address, OptoRuntime::handle_exception_C_helper(JavaThread* thread, nmethod* &nm))

  // Do not confuse exception_oop with pending_exception. The exception_oop
  // is only used to pass arguments into the method. Not for general
  // exception handling.  DO NOT CHANGE IT to use pending_exception, since
  // the runtime stubs checks this on exit.
  assert(thread->exception_oop() != NULL, "exception oop is found");
  address handler_address = NULL;

  Handle exception(thread, thread->exception_oop());

  if (TraceExceptions) {
    trace_exception(exception(), thread->exception_pc(), "");
  }
  // for AbortVMOnException flag
  NOT_PRODUCT(Exceptions::debug_check_abort(exception));

  #ifdef ASSERT
    if (!(exception->is_a(SystemDictionary::Throwable_klass()))) {
      // should throw an exception here
      ShouldNotReachHere();
    }
  #endif


  // new exception handling: this method is entered only from adapters
  // exceptions from compiled java methods are handled in compiled code
  // using rethrow node

  address pc = thread->exception_pc();
  nm = CodeCache::find_nmethod(pc);
  assert(nm != NULL, "No NMethod found");
  if (nm->is_native_method()) {
    fatal("Native mathod should not have path to exception handling");
  } else {
    // we are switching to old paradigm: search for exception handler in caller_frame
    // instead in exception handler of caller_frame.sender()

    if (JvmtiExport::can_post_on_exceptions()) {
      // "Full-speed catching" is not necessary here,
      // since we're notifying the VM on every catch.
      // Force deoptimization and the rest of the lookup
      // will be fine.
      deoptimize_caller_frame(thread, true);
    }

    // Check the stack guard pages.  If enabled, look for handler in this frame;
    // otherwise, forcibly unwind the frame.
    //
    // 4826555: use default current sp for reguard_stack instead of &nm: it's more accurate.
    bool force_unwind = !thread->reguard_stack();
    bool deopting = false;
    if (nm->is_deopt_pc(pc)) {
      deopting = true;
      RegisterMap map(thread, false);
      frame deoptee = thread->last_frame().sender(&map);
      assert(deoptee.is_deoptimized_frame(), "must be deopted");
      // Adjust the pc back to the original throwing pc
      pc = deoptee.pc();
    }

    // If we are forcing an unwind because of stack overflow then deopt is
    // irrelevant sice we are throwing the frame away anyway.

    if (deopting && !force_unwind) {
      handler_address = SharedRuntime::deopt_blob()->unpack_with_exception();
    } else {

      handler_address =
        force_unwind ? NULL : nm->handler_for_exception_and_pc(exception, pc);

      if (handler_address == NULL) {
        handler_address = SharedRuntime::compute_compiled_exc_handler(nm, pc, exception, force_unwind, true);
        assert (handler_address != NULL, "must have compiled handler");
        // Update the exception cache only when the unwind was not forced.
        if (!force_unwind) {
          nm->add_handler_for_exception_and_pc(exception,pc,handler_address);
        }
      } else {
        assert(handler_address == SharedRuntime::compute_compiled_exc_handler(nm, pc, exception, force_unwind, true), "Must be the same");
      }
    }

    thread->set_exception_pc(pc);
    thread->set_exception_handler_pc(handler_address);
    thread->set_exception_stack_size(0);

    // Check if the exception PC is a MethodHandle call site.
    thread->set_is_method_handle_return(nm->is_method_handle_return(pc));
  }

  // Restore correct return pc.  Was saved above.
  thread->set_exception_oop(exception());
  return handler_address;

JRT_END

// We are entering here from exception_blob
// If there is a compiled exception handler in this method, we will continue there;
// otherwise we will unwind the stack and continue at the caller of top frame method
// Note we enter without the usual JRT wrapper. We will call a helper routine that
// will do the normal VM entry. We do it this way so that we can see if the nmethod
// we looked up the handler for has been deoptimized in the meantime. If it has been
// we must not use the handler and instread return the deopt blob.
address OptoRuntime::handle_exception_C(JavaThread* thread) {
//
// We are in Java not VM and in debug mode we have a NoHandleMark
//
#ifndef PRODUCT
  SharedRuntime::_find_handler_ctr++;          // find exception handler
#endif
  debug_only(NoHandleMark __hm;)
  nmethod* nm = NULL;
  address handler_address = NULL;
  {
    // Enter the VM

    ResetNoHandleMark rnhm;
    handler_address = handle_exception_C_helper(thread, nm);
  }

  // Back in java: Use no oops, DON'T safepoint

  // Now check to see if the handler we are returning is in a now
  // deoptimized frame

  if (nm != NULL) {
    RegisterMap map(thread, false);
    frame caller = thread->last_frame().sender(&map);
#ifdef ASSERT
    assert(caller.is_compiled_frame(), "must be");
#endif // ASSERT
    if (caller.is_deoptimized_frame()) {
      handler_address = SharedRuntime::deopt_blob()->unpack_with_exception();
    }
  }
  return handler_address;
}

//------------------------------rethrow----------------------------------------
// We get here after compiled code has executed a 'RethrowNode'.  The callee
// is either throwing or rethrowing an exception.  The callee-save registers
// have been restored, synchronized objects have been unlocked and the callee
// stack frame has been removed.  The return address was passed in.
// Exception oop is passed as the 1st argument.  This routine is then called
// from the stub.  On exit, we know where to jump in the caller's code.
// After this C code exits, the stub will pop his frame and end in a jump
// (instead of a return).  We enter the caller's default handler.
//
// This must be JRT_LEAF:
//     - caller will not change its state as we cannot block on exit,
//       therefore raw_exception_handler_for_return_address is all it takes
//       to handle deoptimized blobs
//
// However, there needs to be a safepoint check in the middle!  So compiled
// safepoints are completely watertight.
//
// Thus, it cannot be a leaf since it contains the No_GC_Verifier.
//
// *THIS IS NOT RECOMMENDED PROGRAMMING STYLE*
//
address OptoRuntime::rethrow_C(oopDesc* exception, JavaThread* thread, address ret_pc) {
#ifndef PRODUCT
  SharedRuntime::_rethrow_ctr++;               // count rethrows
#endif
  assert (exception != NULL, "should have thrown a NULLPointerException");
#ifdef ASSERT
  if (!(exception->is_a(SystemDictionary::Throwable_klass()))) {
    // should throw an exception here
    ShouldNotReachHere();
  }
#endif

  thread->set_vm_result(exception);
  // Frame not compiled (handles deoptimization blob)
  return SharedRuntime::raw_exception_handler_for_return_address(thread, ret_pc);
}


const TypeFunc *OptoRuntime::rethrow_Type() {
  // create input type (domain)
  const Type **fields = TypeTuple::fields(1);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeInstPtr::NOTNULL; // Exception oop
  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+1,fields);

  // create result type (range)
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(1);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeInstPtr::NOTNULL; // Exception oop
  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+1, fields);

  return TypeFunc::make(domain, range);
}


void OptoRuntime::deoptimize_caller_frame(JavaThread *thread, bool doit) {
  // Deoptimize frame
  if (doit) {
    // Called from within the owner thread, so no need for safepoint
    RegisterMap reg_map(thread);
    frame stub_frame = thread->last_frame();
    assert(stub_frame.is_runtime_frame() || exception_blob()->contains(stub_frame.pc()), "sanity check");
    frame caller_frame = stub_frame.sender(&reg_map);

    // bypass VM_DeoptimizeFrame and deoptimize the frame directly
    Deoptimization::deoptimize_frame(thread, caller_frame.id());
  }
}


const TypeFunc *OptoRuntime::register_finalizer_Type() {
  // create input type (domain)
  const Type **fields = TypeTuple::fields(1);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeInstPtr::NOTNULL;  // oop;          Receiver
  // // The JavaThread* is passed to each routine as the last argument
  // fields[TypeFunc::Parms+1] = TypeRawPtr::NOTNULL;  // JavaThread *; Executing thread
  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+1,fields);

  // create result type (range)
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(0);

  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+0,fields);

  return TypeFunc::make(domain,range);
}


//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Dtrace support.  entry and exit probes have the same signature
const TypeFunc *OptoRuntime::dtrace_method_entry_exit_Type() {
  // create input type (domain)
  const Type **fields = TypeTuple::fields(2);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeRawPtr::BOTTOM; // Thread-local storage
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+1] = TypeInstPtr::NOTNULL;  // methodOop;    Method we are entering
  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+2,fields);

  // create result type (range)
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(0);

  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+0,fields);

  return TypeFunc::make(domain,range);
}

const TypeFunc *OptoRuntime::dtrace_object_alloc_Type() {
  // create input type (domain)
  const Type **fields = TypeTuple::fields(2);
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+0] = TypeRawPtr::BOTTOM; // Thread-local storage
  fields[TypeFunc::Parms+1] = TypeInstPtr::NOTNULL;  // oop;    newly allocated object

  const TypeTuple *domain = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+2,fields);

  // create result type (range)
  fields = TypeTuple::fields(0);

  const TypeTuple *range = TypeTuple::make(TypeFunc::Parms+0,fields);

  return TypeFunc::make(domain,range);
}


JRT_ENTRY_NO_ASYNC(void, OptoRuntime::register_finalizer(oopDesc* obj, JavaThread* thread))
  assert(obj->is_oop(), "must be a valid oop");
  assert(obj->klass()->klass_part()->has_finalizer(), "shouldn't be here otherwise");
  instanceKlass::register_finalizer(instanceOop(obj), CHECK);
JRT_END

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

NamedCounter * volatile OptoRuntime::_named_counters = NULL;

//
// dump the collected NamedCounters.
//
void OptoRuntime::print_named_counters() {
  int total_lock_count = 0;
  int eliminated_lock_count = 0;

  NamedCounter* c = _named_counters;
  while (c) {
    if (c->tag() == NamedCounter::LockCounter || c->tag() == NamedCounter::EliminatedLockCounter) {
      int count = c->count();
      if (count > 0) {
        bool eliminated = c->tag() == NamedCounter::EliminatedLockCounter;
        if (Verbose) {
          tty->print_cr("%d %s%s", count, c->name(), eliminated ? " (eliminated)" : "");
        }
        total_lock_count += count;
        if (eliminated) {
          eliminated_lock_count += count;
        }
      }
    } else if (c->tag() == NamedCounter::BiasedLockingCounter) {
      BiasedLockingCounters* blc = ((BiasedLockingNamedCounter*)c)->counters();
      if (blc->nonzero()) {
        tty->print_cr("%s", c->name());
        blc->print_on(tty);
      }
    }
    c = c->next();
  }
  if (total_lock_count > 0) {
    tty->print_cr("dynamic locks: %d", total_lock_count);
    if (eliminated_lock_count) {
      tty->print_cr("eliminated locks: %d (%d%%)", eliminated_lock_count,
                    (int)(eliminated_lock_count * 100.0 / total_lock_count));
    }
  }
}

//
//  Allocate a new NamedCounter.  The JVMState is used to generate the
//  name which consists of method@line for the inlining tree.
//

NamedCounter* OptoRuntime::new_named_counter(JVMState* youngest_jvms, NamedCounter::CounterTag tag) {
  int max_depth = youngest_jvms->depth();

  // Visit scopes from youngest to oldest.
  bool first = true;
  stringStream st;
  for (int depth = max_depth; depth >= 1; depth--) {
    JVMState* jvms = youngest_jvms->of_depth(depth);
    ciMethod* m = jvms->has_method() ? jvms->method() : NULL;
    if (!first) {
      st.print(" ");
    } else {
      first = false;
    }
    int bci = jvms->bci();
    if (bci < 0) bci = 0;
    st.print("%s.%s@%d", m->holder()->name()->as_utf8(), m->name()->as_utf8(), bci);
    // To print linenumbers instead of bci use: m->line_number_from_bci(bci)
  }
  NamedCounter* c;
  if (tag == NamedCounter::BiasedLockingCounter) {
    c = new BiasedLockingNamedCounter(strdup(st.as_string()));
  } else {
    c = new NamedCounter(strdup(st.as_string()), tag);
  }

  // atomically add the new counter to the head of the list.  We only
  // add counters so this is safe.
  NamedCounter* head;
  do {
    head = _named_counters;
    c->set_next(head);
  } while (Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(c, &_named_counters, head) != head);
  return c;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Non-product code
#ifndef PRODUCT

int trace_exception_counter = 0;
static void trace_exception(oop exception_oop, address exception_pc, const char* msg) {
  ttyLocker ttyl;
  trace_exception_counter++;
  tty->print("%d [Exception (%s): ", trace_exception_counter, msg);
  exception_oop->print_value();
  tty->print(" in ");
  CodeBlob* blob = CodeCache::find_blob(exception_pc);
  if (blob->is_nmethod()) {
    ((nmethod*)blob)->method()->print_value();
  } else if (blob->is_runtime_stub()) {
    tty->print("<runtime-stub>");
  } else {
    tty->print("<unknown>");
  }
  tty->print(" at " INTPTR_FORMAT,  exception_pc);
  tty->print_cr("]");
}

#endif  // PRODUCT


# ifdef ENABLE_ZAP_DEAD_LOCALS
// Called from call sites in compiled code with oop maps (actually safepoints)
// Zaps dead locals in first java frame.
// Is entry because may need to lock to generate oop maps
// Currently, only used for compiler frames, but someday may be used
// for interpreter frames, too.

int OptoRuntime::ZapDeadCompiledLocals_count = 0;

// avoid pointers to member funcs with these helpers
static bool is_java_frame(  frame* f) { return f->is_java_frame();   }
static bool is_native_frame(frame* f) { return f->is_native_frame(); }


void OptoRuntime::zap_dead_java_or_native_locals(JavaThread* thread,
                                                bool (*is_this_the_right_frame_to_zap)(frame*)) {
  assert(JavaThread::current() == thread, "is this needed?");

  if ( !ZapDeadCompiledLocals )  return;

  bool skip = false;

       if ( ZapDeadCompiledLocalsFirst  ==  0  ) ; // nothing special
  else if ( ZapDeadCompiledLocalsFirst  >  ZapDeadCompiledLocals_count )  skip = true;
  else if ( ZapDeadCompiledLocalsFirst  == ZapDeadCompiledLocals_count )
    warning("starting zapping after skipping");

       if ( ZapDeadCompiledLocalsLast  ==  -1  ) ; // nothing special
  else if ( ZapDeadCompiledLocalsLast  <   ZapDeadCompiledLocals_count )  skip = true;
  else if ( ZapDeadCompiledLocalsLast  ==  ZapDeadCompiledLocals_count )
    warning("about to zap last zap");

  ++ZapDeadCompiledLocals_count; // counts skipped zaps, too

  if ( skip )  return;

  // find java frame and zap it

  for (StackFrameStream sfs(thread);  !sfs.is_done();  sfs.next()) {
    if (is_this_the_right_frame_to_zap(sfs.current()) ) {
      sfs.current()->zap_dead_locals(thread, sfs.register_map());
      return;
    }
  }
  warning("no frame found to zap in zap_dead_Java_locals_C");
}

JRT_LEAF(void, OptoRuntime::zap_dead_Java_locals_C(JavaThread* thread))
  zap_dead_java_or_native_locals(thread, is_java_frame);
JRT_END

// The following does not work because for one thing, the
// thread state is wrong; it expects java, but it is native.
// Also, the invariants in a native stub are different and
// I'm not sure it is safe to have a MachCalRuntimeDirectNode
// in there.
// So for now, we do not zap in native stubs.

JRT_LEAF(void, OptoRuntime::zap_dead_native_locals_C(JavaThread* thread))
  zap_dead_java_or_native_locals(thread, is_native_frame);
JRT_END

# endif